Academic Task 1 — Report

Process Diagram — How Something Is Made or Happens

No numbers to report. The band is decided by the passive and by how you join the stages.

7 questions150+ words · 20 minutes Learn this type first

1
Nature
The diagram below shows the natural water cycle. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features.
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The water cycle
1Heat from the sun causes water in oceans and lakes to evaporate.
2Water vapour rises and cools as it gains altitude.
3The vapour condenses into droplets, forming clouds.
4Clouds are carried inland by wind.
5Water falls as precipitation — rain or snow — over land.
6Some water runs off into rivers; some soaks into the ground as groundwater.
7Rivers and groundwater return the water to the ocean, and the cycle repeats.
- The final stage feeds back into the first: this process is cyclical.
2
Food production
The diagram below shows how coffee is produced and prepared for sale. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features.
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From coffee cherry to packaged beans
1Ripe coffee cherries are picked by hand from the bushes.
2The cherries are spread out on tables and dried in the sun for several days.
3The dried outer husk is removed by machine, leaving the green beans.
4The beans are sorted by size and any damaged beans are discarded.
5The beans are roasted in a rotating drum.
6Roasted beans are either ground or left whole.
7The coffee is sealed in bags and shipped to retailers.
3
Environment
The diagram below shows the process of recycling glass bottles. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features.
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Glass bottle recycling
1Used bottles are collected from household and public recycling bins.
2The bottles are taken by lorry to a processing plant.
3Bottles are washed to remove labels, caps and residue.
4Clean bottles are sorted by colour: clear, green and brown.
5The sorted glass is crushed into small pieces called cullet.
6The cullet is melted in a furnace at high temperature.
7Molten glass is poured into moulds to form new bottles, which are then filled and returned to shops.
- The final stage returns bottles to use, from which they can be collected again.
4
Nature
The diagram below shows the life cycle of the frog. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features.
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The life cycle of a frog
1An adult female lays a mass of eggs (frogspawn) in shallow water.
2After about three weeks, the eggs hatch into tadpoles.
3The tadpole breathes through gills and feeds on algae.
4At around eight weeks, back legs appear, followed by front legs.
5The tail gradually shortens and lungs develop, replacing the gills.
6The young frog, now able to breathe air, leaves the water.
7After two to three years the frog is mature and returns to water to breed.
- The cycle is complete when the mature frog breeds, returning to the first stage.
5
Manufacturing
The diagram below shows how paper is made from wood. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features.
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Paper manufacture from timber
1Trees are felled and the logs are transported to a mill.
2The bark is stripped from the logs by machine.
3The stripped logs are fed into a chipper and reduced to wood chips.
4The chips are cooked with chemicals in a large vessel to form pulp.
5The pulp is washed and bleached to remove colour.
6The pulp is spread onto a wire mesh and the water is drained off.
7The sheet is pressed between rollers, dried, and wound onto large reels for cutting.
6
Coffee production process
The diagram below shows the stages in the commercial production of instant coffee. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features.
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Stages in the commercial production of instant coffee
1Ripe coffee cherries are harvested from the plantation by hand
2Beans are separated from the fruit at the factory
3Green beans are roasted in rotating drums at high temperature
4Roasted beans are ground into a fine powder
5Hot water extracts a concentrated liquid coffee from the powder
6The liquid is freeze-dried into granules, then packed into jars
7
Water treatment
The diagram below shows how drinking water is treated before it reaches homes. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features.
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Stages in the treatment of drinking water
1Raw water is drawn from a reservoir through a coarse screen
2Chemicals are added so fine particles clump together
3The clumps settle to the bottom of a sedimentation tank
4The clearer water passes through sand and gravel filters
5Chlorine is added to kill any remaining bacteria
6Treated water is stored, then piped to homes and businesses